浙江普陀山岛鸟类区系研究

Studies on the Avifauna in Putuoshan Island of Zhejiang Province

2004年5月至2005年6月采用路线统计和定点统计相结合的方法对普陀山岛鸟类进行了调查。结果表明普陀山岛有鸟类7目23科60种,其中留鸟30种,夏候鸟10种,冬候鸟16种,旅鸟4种;优势种4种,常见种13种,偶见种43种。黑鸢Milvus lineatus、雀鹰Accipiter nisus、赤腹鹰A.soloensis为国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类。东洋界种22种,古北界种24种,广布种14种。从繁殖鸟地理型分析看,东洋界种与古北界种比例为2.8∶1,东洋界种占优势。苍鹭Ardea cinerea rectirostris等26种为普陀山岛鸟类新纪录。经与22年前资料比较,白鹭Egretta garzetta、黑鸢等20种相同,而青头潜鸭Aythya baeri、黑卷尾Dicrurus macrocercus、秃鼻乌鸦Corvus frugilegus、黑枕黄鹂Oriolus chinensis等19种在本次调查中未发现,旅游开发且长期受人为干扰,可能是导致部分鸟类减少的原因。

The avian fauna and distribution of Putuoshan Island was investigated by using line transact method and fixed-point statistics during May 2004 to June 2005.7 order,23 family and 60 species of birds on Putuoshan Island were recorded.Among them,30 species are residents,10 species are summer visitors,16 species are winter visitors and 4 species are travelers.There were 4 dominant species,13 common species and 43 rare species.Milvus lineatus,Accipiter nisus and A.soloensis were state-level protected birds Ⅱ.The avian fauna were composed of 22 Oriental realm species,24 Palaearctic realm species,and 14 eurytopic species.Among breeding birds,the rate of the Oriental species and Palaearctic species was 2.8∶ 1,which showed that the number of Oriental species was more.There were 27 newly recorded species including Ardea cinerea rectirostris on Putuoshan Island.19 species were not recorded in this study,including Egretta garzetta,Milvus lineatus,Aythya baeri,Dicrurus macrocercus,Corvus frugilegus,Oriolus chinensis and so on which were recorded 22 years ago.Tourism exploitation and human disturbance may be the reasons for the reduction.