婴幼儿听觉发育延迟的听力学特征分析

The Audiological Characteristics of the Infants with Delayed Auditory Development

目的探讨婴幼儿听觉发育延迟的听力学特点及影响因素,为鉴别听觉发育延迟与永久性聋提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析6例听觉发育延迟婴幼儿从发现听力障碍到听力转为正常的历次听力诊断情况,与同期诊断为永久性聋的婴幼儿历次听力诊断情况进行比较,分析听觉发育延迟婴幼儿的听力学特点。结果①听觉发育延迟婴幼儿在历次听力诊断中,听力逐渐好转,而永久性聋患儿听力始终无变化;②听觉发育延迟婴幼儿初次诊断为重度或极重度聋者,常同时伴有中耳病变;③听觉发育延迟婴幼儿初次诊断时双耳阈值差仅0~20 dB,而初次诊断双耳阈值差过大尤其是单耳极重度或重度聋对侧耳正常的单耳听力障碍者历次复诊患耳听力均无改善则可能为永久性聋;④早期助听干预可促进听觉发育延迟婴幼儿的听觉发育。结论听力是否随婴幼儿月龄增大而好转、初次诊断重度或极重度聋是否伴有中耳积液、初诊时双耳阈值差是否≤20 dB是鉴别婴幼儿听觉发育延迟与永久性聋的重要依据;对可能为听觉发育延迟的患儿适时进行助听干预,可促进其听觉发育。

Objective To investigate the audiology characteristics and factors of infants with delayed auditory development,and to provide evidence for distinguishing infants with permanent hearing loss from the ones with delayed auditory development.Methods A retrospective analysis of audiologic tests of 6 infants with delayed auditory development was carried out and subsequently compared with those of infants with confirmed permanent hearing loss.Results The records from the infants with delayed auditory development showed that their hearing improved gradually while those with permanent hearing loss failed to show any improvements.The initial audiological assessments indicated that the delayed infants had profound hearing loss accompanied with middle ear diseases.The delayed infants showed had hearing levels of no more than 20 dB between the ears in the first test.Those with unilateral profound hearing loss failed to show any further improvements in subsequent evaluations.Early interventions by means of hearing aids could facilitate the auditory development for those delayed infants.Conclusion The hearing improvement as the infants growing up,profound hearing loss with middle ear effusion and intraaural hearing differences not more than 20 dB in the initial test were the very important evidences to distinguish delayed auditory development from the permanent hearing loss.Hearing aid intervention in the right time for the likely delayed hearing maturation infants can accelerate hearing maturation.