腹膜后间隙放射解剖学研究进展

Development of Radiologic-Anatomic Studies on Retroperitoneal Space

腹膜后间隙（ｒｅｔｒｏｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌ ｓｐａｃｅ） 的放射解剖学研究，大致可分为三个阶段：以解剖学家Ｃｏｎｇｄｏｎ 为代表的侧重于筋膜结构的纯解剖观察（４０ － ６０ 年代） ；以放射学家Ｍｅｙｅｒｓ 为代表的放射解剖学研究，提出了肾旁前、肾周、肾旁后间隙的腹膜后间隙的新的解剖划分（６０ 年代至８０ 年代中期） ；以放射学家为主，也包括一部分解剖学家，在Ｍｅｙｅｒｓ 的腹膜后间隙解剖划分的框架基础上，提出了不少新见解，对Ｍｅｙｅｒｓ 的解剖学认识和概念，进行了丰富、补充和修正（８０ 年代中期至今） 。新近研究主要集中在腹膜后间隙的横向和纵向通连关系上。讲座将结合文献复习和部分实际病例从肾旁前间隙、肾周间隙、肾旁后间隙及其它方面介绍横向通连情况；从向上和向下两方面介绍纵向通连情况。熟悉腹膜后间隙放射解剖学研究进展，将有利于提高对发生于腹膜后间隙的疾病局部及扩散途径的影像学表现和解剖基础的认识，从而也有利于提高腹膜后间隙疾病影像学诊断水平。

The development of radiologic-anatomic studies on retroperitoneal space may be divided into 3 stages. From 1940s to 1960s, researchers represented by anatomist Congdon paid much attention to unique anatomic observation of fascia structure. In the second stage from 1960s to middle 1980s, radiologic anatomic studies by radiologic anatomist Meyers and associates established the new anatomic compartmentalization of retroperitoneum into anterior pararenal, perirenal and posterior pararenal spaces. From middle 1980s to now, researchers, in which predominate in radiologists with some anatomists included, proposed many new ideas basing on Meyers' definitions and clarifications of retroperitoneal anatomy which in turn are expended, embodied and amended by these new ideas. The recent studies mainly focus on horizontal and longitudinal communications of retroperitoneal space. In our lecture, we will introduce horizontal communication from the points of three compartments of retroperitoneum and other aspects, combining with a review of former literatures and some clinical cases, and longitudinal communication of retroperitonium, upward and downward, will be introduced. Being familiar with the development of radiologic anatomic studies on retroperitoneal space is helpful for better understanding of imaging features and the corresponding anatomic basis of retroperitoneal diseases, including both local lesions and their spreading pathways, and therefore improving our imaging diagnostic quality of retroperitoneal diseases.