多重等位基因PCR检测线粒体12SrRNA基因突变

Multiplex allele-specific PCR assays for the identification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations

目的 探讨多重等位基因PCR法同时检测氨基糖甙类药物性耳聋相关的线粒体12S rRNA基因A1555G和C1494T突变的临床应用价值.方法 以3种基因型（野生型、A1555G突变型和C1494T突变型）的质粒标准品为模板,分别设计针对线粒体1555和1494位点野生型和突变型的特异性引物.用多重等位基因PCR技术同时检测A1555G和C1494T突变,并初步用于138例非综合征型耳聋患者的临床基因突变检测分析,最后通过DNA测序法评估其准确性.结果 采用多重等位基因特异性PCR同时检测138例非综合征型耳聋患者中A1555G和C1494T突变的检出率为7.97%（11/138）,其中,A1555G突变型10例,C1494T突变型1例;DNA测序分析检测突变型检出率为7.97%（11/138）.2种方法具有极好的一致性（Kappa=1.000,P＜0.01）.结论 多重等位基因PCR是一种简便、准确、有效的A1555G和C1494T突变检测方法,可用于鉴定氨基糖甙类药物性耳聋相关的线粒体12S rRNA基因突变,从而有效预防氨基糖甙类药物性耳聋的发生.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of multiplex allele-specific PCR assays for simultaneous detection of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing impairment.Methods Three standard plasmids of different genotypes （wild-type, A1555G mutant and C1494T mutant） were constructed for templates and allele-specific primers aiming directly at wild-type and mutant of mitochondrial DNA nt1555 and nt1494 were designed for developing a multiplex allele-specific PCR technique to detect the A1555G and C1494T mutations.Then the method was applied to clinical screening of 138 non-syndromic hearing loss subjects and confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results Multiplex allele-specific PCR was successfully applied to the detection of A1555G and C1494T mutations in a cohort of 138 Han Chinese genetically unrelated hearing-loss subjects.Finally, 11（7.97%） unrelated affected subjects harbored the A1555G and C1494T mutations in the 12S rRNA gene（10 cases for A1555G and 1 cases for C1494T）, which was well consistent with results of DNA sequencing [7.97%（11/138）, Kappa=1.000, P〈0.01].Conclusion This study indicates that the multiplex allele-specific PCR assay is useful, convenient and reliable in the detection of the A1555G and C1494T mutations, which could identify the subjects at risk and effectively prevent of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.