丙烯腈对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

Study on DNA Damage in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Rats Exposed to Acrylonitrile

［目的］ 探讨丙烯腈对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ的损伤作用。［方法］ 在急性和亚急性经口染毒试验中，采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测不同染毒剂量（１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ、３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 和５０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）丙烯腈（ＡＣＮ）及不同染毒时段（２ｈ、１４ｄ、２８ｄ、和４２ｄ）对大鼠淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ 的损伤情况。［结果］ 在急性和亚急性染毒试验中，大鼠淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ损伤程度均随ＡＣＮ 染毒剂量增大或染毒时间延长而逐渐加重，并显著高于对照组或染毒１４ｄ 组（Ｐ＜０．０１），且存在较好的剂量－反应和时间－反应关系（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。亚急性染毒试验中，随着染毒剂量的升高和染毒时间的延长，淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ 的损伤程度可达到饱和。染毒组细胞ＤＮＡ 损伤反应模式明显不同于对照组，单个细胞间的差异较大，且这种差异随染毒剂量增大和染毒时间延长也逐渐增大。［结论］ ＡＣＮ对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ具有明显的损伤作用，且损伤程度和模式受ＡＣＮ 染毒剂量和染毒时间的共同影响。

Objective]To study the effect on DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of rats exposed to acrylonitrile (ACN).[Methods]In acute and subacute oral experiments,the effects on DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of rats exposed perorally to ACN at different doses (10 mg/kg,30 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) and for different exposure periods (2 h,14 days,28 days or 42 days) were measured using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay.[Results]In the acute or subacute experiments,the extent of DNA damage in lymphocytes was gradually increased as the exposure dose increased and the exposure period was lengthened.It was significantly increased than that in the control group or that in 14 days' groups ( P <0.01).Meanwhile good dose and time response relationships ( P <0.01)were shown.However,the extent of DNA damage could access to saturated states while the exposure dose increased and the exposure period was lengthened in the subacute experiment.In contrast to the relatively homogeneous DNA damage patterns observed in control group,there was a significant difference in DNA damage patterns observed among cells in each exposure group.This difference increased as the exposure dose increased and the exposure period was lengthened.[Conclusion]ACN may result in DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of rats.Meanwhile,the extent and the patterns of DNA damage are affected by both the exposure dose and duration.