遥感技术支持下的草地生态系统破坏经济损失评价

Valuation of economic losses from grassland ecosystem degradation using remote sensing data

通过遥感数据分析反演,测算草地净初级生产力、草地植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀量等重要生态系统参数,进而计算草地生态系统有机物生产、营养物质循环、固碳释氧及水源涵养、土壤侵蚀损失量,再通过影子工程法、市场价值法等环境价值评估方法从以上5个方面评价草地生态系统破坏的经济损失.研究结果表明,2006年中国草地生态系统生态破坏损失为1446.8亿元,占2006年中国GDP的0.69%;在草地生态破坏造成的各项损失中,水土保持的贡献率最大,占总经济损失的52.00%;过度放牧是造成中国草地生态系统破坏的重要原因.

Using remote sensing data and the retro-extrapolation method,we evaluated the grassland ecosystem degradation in China by the following three major indicators：grassland net primary productivity（NPP）,vegetation coverage rate,and soil erosion.Its ecological implications were then evaluated along the following five dimensions：organic substance production,nutrient circulation,oxygen release and carbon sequestration,water conservation,and soil erosion.Furthermore,the associated economic losses with grassland degradation were calculated by using shadow engineering and market valuation approaches.It was estimated that the economic losses from grassland degradation amounted to $144.68 billion RMB,accounting for 0.69 percent of China＇s gross domestic product（GDP） in 2006.And about 52.00 percent of the total loss,which is the biggest share,could be attributed to the failure of soil and water conservation.Overgrazing was found to be another important contributing factor in grassland degradation in China.