饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍研究

Development Characteristics of Aquatic Plants in a Constructed Wetland for Treating Urban Drinking Water Source at Its Initial Operation Stage

研究了大规模的城市饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍特性和改进措施.建立了嘉兴市石臼漾生态湿地水生维管束植物名录,分析了水生植物的种类、分布面积、群落结构和生物量,目的旨在揭示石臼漾湿地运行初期其水生植物繁衍情况和群落结构特征,探讨水生植被的优化管理措施.石臼漾湿地现存水生维管束植物共计25科41属49种,远超过初始人工栽植的13种.湿地目前以湿生植物(20种)与挺水植物(17种)为主,占湿地植物种类总数的75.5%.人工栽植以挺水植物为主,占69.2%;而自然繁衍的以湿生植物为主,占47.2%.石臼漾湿地水生植物群落的水平分布属于典型的群丛复合体.除合萌群落外,其余群落的优势种均系人工栽植,衍生物种呈点缀分布,所占面积份额较小.湿地不同构造分区因生境不同水生植被存在较大差异.石臼漾湿地运行初期水生植物生物量采用群丛法计算为167.7 t.湿地演替初期植物正朝着多样性较快增加的方向发展,这为日后植物群落结构的稳定性提供了物质基础.根据石臼漾湿地运行初期水生植物的繁衍特性,提出了水生植物系统优化管理的建议,以期为同类型生态水源地的植被建设提供借鉴.

The development characteristics and improvement measures of aquatic plants were studied in Shijiuyang Constructed Wetland（SCW） at its initial operation stage.SCW was a large-scale wetland aiming to help relieve the source water pollution in Jiaxing City.A checklist of vascular plants in SCW was built,and species composition,life forms,biomass and association distributions were examined.Our objectives were to examine the diversity and community structure of aquatic plants in SCW at its initial operation stage,and to find out the possible hydrophyte improvement measures.The survey results showed that there were 49 vascular plant species belonging to 41 genera,25 families in SCW,which greatly exceeded the artificially transplanted 13 species.The life forms of present aquatic plants in SCW were dominated by hygrophilous plants（20 species） and emerged plants（17 species）,which accounted for 75.5 % of the total number of aquatic plants.The aquatic plants transplanted artificially were dominated by emerged plants（accounted for 69.2 %）,while those naturally developed were predominated by hygrophilous plants（accounted for 47.2 %）.The horizontal distribution of aquatic plant community in SCW was mixed in the form of mosaics,which made up typical association complex.Except association Aeschynomene indica L.,the dominant species of other associations were all those transplanted artificially.The naturally grown species scattered throughout the SCW and only occupied a small percentage.A marked difference was detected on the species and species richness of aquatic plants in different regions of SCW.Biomass of aquatic plant associations in SCW was 167.7 t.SCW has shown a trend of succession heading for quick increase of plant diversity at the primary operation stage.This trend provides a good material base for the future stable community of aquatic plants in SCW.According to the current status of aquatic plants,some suggestions were put forward on the further optimization and utilization of aquatic plant systems in SCW.