摘要
迄今为止公共产品的界定还处在聚讼不已的状况中。公共产品首先是公共需求决定的产品,而这只有在充分发挥市场的作用后才可以清晰地显示出来。一般认为的非竞争性、非排他性、非分割性都不是公共产品的本质属性,因为一些私人产品的消费也具有这些属性;公共产品没有纯与准之分。公共产品只能从需求的角度来界定,它不等于政府供给的产品、免费产品、公益产品、外部正收益产品。公共产品是消费产权无法界定的产品,这使得分割收费不可能,因而导致市场失灵。
To this day,the meaning of public goods is still in the controversy.Public goods firstly depend on public demand,and it only works in the condition that fully exerts the role of market.It is generally acknowledged that non-rivalry,non-excludability and non-divisibility are the essential properties of public goods,but it is not right because some private goods also possess such properties.We can only give a definition of a public good from the perspective of demand,but it is not equal to a good which provides by the government,charges no fees,belongs to public welfare or exhibits positive externalities.We can not define each customer＇s property right to the public good,which makes it impossible to charge separately and leads to market failure.The existence of a market failure is often used as a justification for the government supply of public goods,but it is not a sufficient condition.
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第8期36-39,共4页
Chinese Public Administration
关键词
公共产品
消费产权
市场失灵
public goods
market failure
government function
