国际体育解纷机制的复级化及其正当性——基于CAS仲裁体制之研析

On the Multi-Levels' System and the Legitimacy of the International Sports Disputes:Based on the Analysis of CAS Arbitration System

体育争议因其时效特性尤其强调争议解决机制应具有高效品质。以CAS为典型的体育解纷体制却以复级化为普遍态势,它位于各体育组织之外构成其内部解纷机制的二级延伸,这对体育解纷机制的高效性造成了负面影响,对解纷效率有所贬损。效率的局部丧失辩证地为体育争议的复级解纷机制带来了积极补偿。以CAS为顶点的复级伞形解纷机制有利于公正、中立地化解体育争议,并通过CAS发挥裁决优化和规范统一的功能。我国体育争议解决机制的复级化重构或者以CAS为复级管辖机构,或者以中国专业体育仲裁机构为复级管辖机构,后者更符合中国体育发展的独特规律。尽快建立《体育法》上专业体育仲裁机构成为该方案的前提与关键。

The dispute resolution mechanism should be efficient because of the timeliness of sports disputes. The sports disputes resolution mechanism typified by CAS takes muhi-level systems as ordinary procedure, beyond various sports organizations and extending from inner dispute resolution mechanism, which have adverse impact on the efficiency of sports disputes resolution mechanism. Partial loss of efficiency for the sports disputes dialectically brings a positive compensation for multi-levels system. The multi-level dispute resolution mechanism which takes CAS as the apex of umbrella is benefit for impartially, neutrally resolving sports disputes, and plays the function of optimizing awards and unifying rules by CAS. Reconstruction of the multi-level sports disputes resolution mechanism in China has two choices, bringing CAS or professional sports arbitration institutions into multi-level jurisdiction institutions, the latter is better in line with the unique of sports development in China. Therefore, establishing professional sports arbitration institutions based on the Sports Law as soon as possible is the prerequisite and crux to this program.