不同等级跳高运动员膝关节肌群离心收缩时肌力特征研究

Strength Characteristics of Eccentric Knee Muscles of Different Levels of High Jumper

分析比较不同级别男子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸肌群离心收缩时峰力矩特点及差异。在首都体育学院生物力学实验室,采用德国ISOMED2000等速测试仪,对8名一级男子跳高运动员和8名二级男子跳高运动员膝关节肌群进行等速离心收缩测试,测试角速度60°/s、120°/s、240°/s,指标包括峰值力矩、相对峰力矩(峰值力矩/体重)、峰值力矩屈伸比。研究结果:(1)一级跳高运动员起跳腿膝关节屈、伸肌峰力矩较二级跳高运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)平均功率随给定运动角速度的增大而增大(P<0.01);(3)离心收缩峰力矩随给定运动速度的增加无显著变化;(4)离心收缩膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩比值为0.60～0.63之间。结论:跳高运动员膝关节肌群等速测试结果的差异是造成一、二级跳高运动员成绩差异的原因之一。

The peak torque strength characteristics of eccentric of knee muscles of different levels of high jumpers was analyzed, using the German ISOMED2000 Isokinetic test device. We tested the angular of 60°/s, 120°/s, 240°/s of eccentric knee muscles to the 8 elite athletes and 8 sub-elite athletes of high jumpers, the test indicators include peak torque, relative peak torque and peak torque ratio of flexion and extension. We found that, first, the peak torque had significant difference from not only flexion but also extensor of primary and secondary jumpers of their take-off leg （P〈0.05）. Second, average power increased with a given angular velocity of movement （P〈0.01）. Third, the eccentric peak torque changed not significantly with the increasing of a given velocity. Fourth, eccentric contract peak torque the flexors and extensors of knee ratio between 0.60 and 0.63. The differences of Isokinetic test results of knee muscle groups is the reason made different levels of elite or sub-elite high jumpers.