技术推广主体多元化与农户采用新技术研究——基于陕、甘、宁的调查

Analysis of the Diversified Organizations of Agricultural Extension and Technology Adoption-Based on the Survey in Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia

基于对陕甘宁3省区的农户调查资料,选取3种不同种类的技术,分析4种不同技术推广主体的特征及其对农户采用新技术的影响。结果表明,目前在西北地区农技部门仍是农业技术推广的最重要主体,企业、科研、农民合作型技术推广模式起辅助性作用,且各种技术服务不能满足农户需求。农技部门和科研单位在推广公益性强和复杂技术上具有优势,企业和合作组织在推广商业性和经济收益高的技术上具有优势。农户从认知技术到获取技术再到采用技术的过程中对组织化程度要求越来越高。其中,农技部门和科研单位的在前两个阶段作用较大;合作社和企业对农户的促进作用在技术采用阶段得以显现。

This paper based on the investigation data in Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,choosing three kinds of technology,analyze the characteristics of four different organizations of agricultural extension and the impact on the farmers adopt new technology.The results show that,the administrative-type agricultural extension organization is still the most important technology extension subject,and the business extension organizations,research-based extension organizations,self-help cooperative extension organizations play the auxiliary role.But the technical service cannot satisfy the farmer needs by now.The investigation shows,administrative-type agricultural extension organization and research-based extension organization have advantage on extend public and complicated technology,while the business extension organizations and self-help cooperative extension organizations have advantage on extend commercial and high benefit technology.The process that farmer cognitive technology,access to technology and adopting technology,call for the degree of organization is higher and higher.The administrative-type agricultural extension organization and research-based extension organizations play a more important role in the first two stages.While,the self-help cooperative extension organizations and business extension organizations is more important in the last stage.