李君羡案件及其历史阐释

A Historical Interpretation of Li Junxian's Conspiracy Case

李君羡谋反案件发生于贞观二十二年。但是,在武则天时代,为了武周革命的论证需要,武则天朝廷同意了李君羡后人的解释,认为是武则天天命暴露,而李君羡之死是充当了武则天的替罪羔羊。这一说法在武则天时代写入唐朝的国史,并被后代史书如两《唐书》、《资治通鉴》等沿袭,流传甚广。《资治通鉴》不仅沿袭这个说法,还把李淳风劝杀的故事也纳入李君羡案件的解释中,从而完成了李君羡案件的再度阐释。本文仔细分析这一历史事件遭遇的阐释历程,认为除了武则天政治的需要以外,古代历史学家的政治天命观念也发挥了作用。

Li Junxian＇ s conspiracy case occurred in the 22nd year during the reign of Emperor Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty. However, in order to justify the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty by Empress Wu Zetian during her reign, Her Majesty＇ s Imperial Court approved of Li＇ s descendants＇ interpretation about his case, holding that through his death Li served as a scapegoat for Empress Wu Zetian whose Mandate of Heaven had been exposed. This way of interpretation was written down in Tang Guoshi（ the National History of the Tang Dynasty） during her reign, and also recorded by the later Jiu Tangshu（ the Old History of the Tang Dynasty）, Xin Tangshu （the New History of the Tang Dynasty ）, and Zizhi Tongfian （General Mirror for the Aid of Government） , which made it spread widely. Moreover, Zizhi Tong^ian completed the re-interpretation of Li＇ s conspiracy case by bringing in the story of Li Chunfeng＇ s advice. By carefully analyzing the interpretation and the re-interpretation of the historical case, this article argues that, besides the political needs of Empress Wu Zetian, the political view on Mandate of Heaven advocated by ancient historians also played an important role.