斑翅肩花蝽生物学特性、生境及食性选择

The biological characteristics, habitat and food selection of Tetraphleps galchanoides (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

斑翅肩花蝽Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri是铁杉球蚜Adelges tsugae Annand(hemlock woolly adelgid)的重要天敌昆虫。在云南省兰坪县天生桥林区通过实验室和林间的饲养观察与测定、林间线路调查等方法,研究了斑翅肩花蝽的生物学特性、生境及食性选择,并描述各虫态形态特征。斑翅肩花蝽在该林区一年发生2代,无世代重叠,寿命长。第1代(5月下旬至10月下旬)卵期13.8±1.6d,若虫期97.6±7.4d,成虫期55.2±4.7d;第2代(11月中旬至翌年4月下旬)卵期11.3±1.1d,若虫期105.7±8.5d,成虫期60.4±5.3d。若虫共5龄,以5龄若虫在云南铁杉Tsuga dumosa枝条树皮裂缝下或枯枝落叶层内越冬。雌雄成虫性比8.5∶1,雌雄成虫飞行缓慢,其飞行活动主要受到交尾、产卵、捕食铁杉球蚜补充营养的影响,多在树冠下层活动。该林区的斑翅肩花蝽最适生境选择:海拔为2851～2980m,云南铁杉密度为13.3～15.5株/100m、郁闭度为0.61～0.70。以寄主铁杉球蚜及附近常见的冷杉球蚜Aphrastasia pectinatae(Cholodkovsky)、华山松球蚜Pineus armandicola Zhang和落叶松球蚜Adelges laricis Vall为食物进行选择性试验,结果表明,斑翅肩花蝽对这4种球蚜的选择性存在显著差异,最喜好捕食铁杉球蚜,可成为生物防治铁杉球蚜的主要天敌之一。

Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri is an important predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid （HWA）, Adelges tsugae Annand, in China. Its biology, habitats and prey habit were studied through breeding observation in the laboratory and field investigation. It occurs 2 generations per year without generation overlapping in Tianshengqiao Forest Farm, Lanping County, Yunnan Province. The 1st generation occurs in late May to late October. Egg period lasts 13.8±1.6 d, nymph period lasts 97.6±7.4 d, and adult period lasts 55.2±4.7 d. The 2nd generation occurs in mid November to late April of next year. Egg period lasts 11.3±1.1 d, nymph period lasts 105.7±8.5 d, and adult period lasts 60.4±5.3 d. The nymphs have 5 instars. The 2nd-generation adults emerge from overwintered 5th instar nymphs under bark of hemlock branch or ground litter. The sex ratio of female to male is 8.5∶ 1. Adults fly slowly usually at the lower canopy, and their flight was affected by mating, oviposition, and feeding. The optimum habitat for T. galchanoides is at the elevation range from 2 851 to 2 980 m, with forest coverage of 0.61-0.70, and with hemlock density 13.3-15.5/100 m. Food choice test was conducted among HWA and other 3 adelgids, i.e. , Aphrastasia pectinatae （Cholodkovsky）, Pineus armandicola Zhang, and Adelges laricis Vall. The results showed that there was a significant difference in its preference between HWA and the other adelgids. HWA was the most preferred prey. T. galchanoides can be used as one of the major natural enemies for the biological control of HWA.