言语行为与人际功能

Speech Acts and Interpersonal Functions

人际功能指在用语言进行交流的言语活动中角色与角色之间的关系。言语交流活动中,"给予"和"求取"的角色关系与两种交换物"信息"与"物品和服务"组合起来,可构成"陈述"、"提问"、"提供"、"命令"四种言语功能或言语行为,并在语法层面形成"命题"与"提议"两类小句和三种语气的句子结构。语气在实现上述四种言语功能时体现出不同程度的"情态(modality)意义",可分为"情态"和"意态"两种。而人称是语气的一部分(首先做主语),它在语言交流活动中扮演给予者或需求者的角色(即说话者或听话者角色之间的相互关系),在命题句与提议句中实现主观或客观的人际意义。

Interpersonal functions are the relationships between speech roles in verbal communication.The speech roles of ＂giving＂ and ＂demanding＂,combined with the objects being exchanged： ＂information＂ and ＂goods services＂,define the four speech functions or acts.And when language is used,the clauses take on ＂proposition＂ and ＂proposal＂ and three types of mood,which realize the four speech functions together with the modality of different degrees.The person,as part of the mood,plays a role of ＂giving＂ or ＂demanding＂,realizing the interpersonal functions of subjectivity or objectivity when expressing ＂proposition＂ and ＂proposal＂ in the clause.