标准化中的专利挟持问题研究

Issues Concerning the Patent Hold-up in Standardization:A Case-based Analysis

标准制度与专利制度具有对立统一性,标准中的知识产权问题越来越复杂,专利挟持是标准与专利融合过程中最为根本的问题。专利挟持有多种表现形式,在美国就有不当披露专利信息,违反FRAND原则,违背前手承诺实施不正当竞争行为等里程碑式的判例。因此,应完善标准制定机构的自律监管机制,即事先披露原则,通过相对确定的FRAND原则,在法律诉讼程序之外建立可选择的ADR纠纷解决机制;由专利权人通过许可协议方式进行交叉许可,以市场为导向建立专利池;用反垄断法规制标准化中专利挟持。

The standard system and the patent system has a unity of opposites,the issues of intellectual property rights in standard have been becoming more and more complex,and patent hold-up is the most fundamental problem of integration process between standard and patent.There are several manifestations of patents hold-up in the United States landmark cases,such as improper disclosure of patent information,violation of the principle of FRAND,contrary to the Estoppel and implementation of unfair competition.Therefore,the self-regulatory mechanism of standard-setting bodies,including the principle of prior disclosure,the relative FRAND and the establishment of ADR alternative dispute resolution mechanisms had better be improved altogether with cross-licensing through patent licensing agreement being taken,the market-oriented patent pool to be established and the anti-trust law to regulate the patent hold-up in standardization being utilized.