论人身权侵权获益赔偿的性质、功能与适用

The Nature,Function and Application of Disgorgement to the Infringement of Personality

学界通常认为获益赔偿是损害赔偿的一种计算方法,体现的是"填平"理念,而《侵权责任法》第20条确定的人身权侵权获益赔偿与损害赔偿的理念不符,其功能也绝不仅仅是填平,而更多地体现了威慑、剥夺不当得利以及保护人身权支配性。获益赔偿的适用独立于损害赔偿、不当得利与不法无因管理,也不应要求被害人必须证明损害;获益赔偿应只适用于故意行为;法律应当允许在获益计算时扣除可变成本,但对扣除项目应作严格限定。

It is commonly said that disgorgement is one form of the measures of damages,which embodies the idea of compensation.However,Article 20 of Tort Reliability Law of PRC boasts of the functions such as compensation,deference,profit-depriving and protection of dominance of personality.The application of disgorgement may not dependent on compensatory damages,unjust enrichment and illegal benevolent intervention in another＇s affairs,neither may it demand the regarding defendant to prove the loss;it only applies to intentional wrongdoing;therefore,the law may permit the defendant to deduct the viable cost,what＇s more,it may limit its items strictly.