否定疑问句与一般否定句否定功能比较研究

The Comparison between Negation with Interrogative Orientation and Generalized Negative Sentence

具有表否定功能的否定疑问句和一般否定句在语用价值、否定的辖域与焦点位置、否定对象和句法功能等方面存在着一定的语用差异。这是因为否定疑问句的语用特征十分明显,在言语交际过程中,更多地表现出主观性,用来表现说话人的主观态度:如作出某种判断、进行某种评价、抒发某种主观情感等,因此它的功能主要表现在话语层面而非句法层面,一旦进入句法层面,其表达主观性的语用功能就会大大减弱甚至消失。这种差异性的研究是建立在疑问和否定相通的基础上的,了解这种差异可以使我们更好地认识到二者的相通。

The variability between the negation with interrogative orientation and generalized negative sentence is investigated from the following aspects,such as pragmatic value,the degree of dependence on the context,negative scope and the position of focus,the negative object and the function of syntax.According to the variability of the syntactic function,we illustrate that the function of the negation with interrogative orientation which is used as estimation,evaluation and expressing subjective emotion is mainly on the utterance-level and becomes subdued even disappeared when it comes into the syntactic level.It is useful for us to recognize the relativity between the question and negation if we know about this kind of variability.