广东省肇庆市端州区病残儿病因分析、预防现状及建议

Analysis of etiological factor,situation of prevention and proposal for disabled children in Duanzhou district,Zhaoqing City.

目的减少肇庆市端州区出生缺陷,提高人口素质。方法对1998年～2007年我区经市病残儿鉴定小组鉴定的234例病例进行病因分析,结合预防现状提出合理性的预防建议。结果肇庆市端州区病残儿遗传性及先天性疾病病种位于前五位的从高到低依次为先天性心脏病,智力低下,先天性弱视、斜视、屈光不正,地中海贫血,先天性血管瘤;所占比例依次为13.68%,7.69%,5.56%,3.85%,3.42%。非遗传性疾病病种位于前五位的从高到低依次为脑瘫,癫痫,脑发育不全,孤独症、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病后遗症和外伤致残(三种病种并列第四位),肾病综合征;所占比例依次为10.68%,9.83%,6.48%,3.42%,2.99%。结论要降低我区病残儿的发病率,必须预防为主,做好孕前、孕期、围产期保健,加强产前、产时监护,预防早产儿、低出生体重儿和出生时窒息,提高复苏水平,减少缺血缺氧性脑病及颅内出血等并发症。

Objective：Reduce birth defects and improve population quality in Duanzhou district,Zhaoqing City.Methods：234 disabled children in Duanzhou district identified by Zhaoqing disabled children identification of groups in 1998~2007 were analysed,combined with the situation of prevention,put forward reasonable prevention recommendations.Results： The top five congenital and hereditary disease among disabled children were congenital heart disease,mental retardation,congenital amblyopia,strabismus,refractive error,Mediterranean anemia,congenital hemangioma.Share were 13.68%,7.69%,5.56%,3.85%,3.42%.The top five non-genetic diseases were cerebral palsy,epilepsy,cerebral hypoplasia,autism,sequelae of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,disabling injury,nephrotic syndrome.Share were 10.68%,9.83%,6.48%,3.42%,2.99%.Conclusion： To reduce morbidity of disabled children in our district,prevention is the best way,perinatal health care can prevent preterm children,children with low birth weight and birth asphyxia,Improve recovery levels,reducing hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and intracranial hemorrhage.