鲁西南超高产冬小麦品种筛选及群体质量指标研究

Screening of Super-high-yielding Varieties and Study on Population Quality Indices of Winter Wheat in Southwest Shandong Province

试验以大穗型（450万穗／hm2左右）、中间型（525—600万穗／hm2）、多穗型（675万穗／hm2左右）品种为研究对象，依据三种类型小麦品种产量表现，筛选适宜鲁西南种植且大面积实现9750kg／hm2超高产水平的冬小麦品种，结果表明以济麦22、泰山23为代表的多穗型品种为首选。试验系统分析了三种类型小麦群体的动态变化特点，总结出鲁西南多穗型品种9750kg／hm2超高产群体质量指标：即每公顷成穗720万，起身期分蘖成穗率45％，穗粒数40粒，千粒重38g，最高叶面积系数为8．6，高效叶面积率75％，有效叶面积率95％以上。

The large - spike type, more - spike type and middle - spike type of winter wheat varieties were used to screen the suitable varieties for large - scale cultivation with 9 750 kg/hm2 of super - high yield in southwest Shandong Province. Based on their yields, the more - spike type varieties Jimai 22 and Taishan 23 were selected. The dynamic variation of the wheat populations were also analyzed systematically in this paper. Then the population quality indices for more - spike type wheat to obtain 9 750 kg/hm2 of yield were summarized as 7 200 thousand mature spikes per hectare, 45 % of effective tillers at jointing stage, 40 grains per spike, 38 g of 1 000 - grain weight, 8.6 of the peak leaf area index, 75% of high - effective leaf area and over 95 % of effective leaf area.