营养宣教对新疆农村维吾尔族13～15岁学生膳食状况的影响

Effect of nutritional propaganda and education on the dietary status of Uyghur students aged 13～15 years old in rural areas of Xinjiang

目的:了解新疆农村维吾尔族13～15岁学生的膳食营养状况,发现膳食中存在的问题,提出具有针对性的改善营养状况的对策和建议。方法:定期对学生进行营养知识宣教,采用24 h膳食回顾法结合食物称重法和饮食习惯调查表进行连续跟踪调查,对比宣教前后的调查结果,根据《中国居民膳食指南》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》做出评价。结果:宣教前后,新疆农村维吾尔族13～15岁学生的膳食营养状况无显著变化;摄入的总能量低于DRIs;三餐热能分配较为合理;蛋白质供能比基本正常,脂肪供能比严重偏低,碳水化合物供能比偏高;各种营养素的摄入量不均衡,其中维生素A、维生素B2和钙严重缺乏,钠的实际摄入量严重超标。结论:所调查的13～15岁学生营养不良现象十分普遍,定期的营养宣教无法改善膳食营养状况,政府和学校应制定符合当地经济水平和生活习惯的政策以改善学生的营养状况。

Objective：To understand the dietary and nutritional status of Uyghur students aged 13~15 years old in rural areas of Xinjiang,find out the dietary problems,propose targeted strategies and suggestions to improve the nutritional status. Methods：Nutritional propaganda and education were carried out among the students regularly,24-hour dietary recall method was used for continuous follow-up and survey combined with food weighing method and dietary habits questionnaire,the survey results before and after nutritional propaganda and education were compared,then the evaluation was given according to ＂Chinese Dietary Guidelines＂ and ＂Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes（DRIs）＂. Results：There was no significant change in dietary and nutritional status of Uyghur students aged 13~15 years old in rural areas of Xinjiang before and after nutritional propaganda and education;the total energy intake was less than DRIs;the energy distributions of three meals were reasonable;the proportion of energy provided by protein was normal,by fat was low seriously,by carbohydrates was too more;the intake of various nutrients was unbalanced,especially vitamin A,vitamin B2 and calcium,the actual intake of natrium exceeded standard severely. Conclusion：The phenomenon of malnutrition is very common among the investigated students aged 13~15 years old,regular nutritional propaganda and education can not improve the dietary and nutritional status,the government and schools should make policy to improve the nutritional status of students according to local economic level and living habits.