我国首批女实习舰员长远航心理健康状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the mental health status of the first Chinese midshipwomen during the prolonged deployment at sea

目的 了解执行＂和谐使命-2010＂任务女实习舰员的心理健康状况及影响因素,为更好地维护女舰员心理健康及未来女舰员的选拔提供科学依据.方法 以参加此次任务的女实习舰员、女医务人员、男舰员为调查对象,以整群抽样和分层随机抽样相结合,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行4次跟踪问卷调查,同时使用自制的一般资料问卷进行访谈.结果 女实习舰员长远航期间心理健康问题总体检出率为21.8%.长远航中期各因子分超出正常的人数明显增加,长远航后期各因子分超出正常的人数略有降低.女实习舰员长远航前、早期与中、后期比较,心理健康水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,躯体化、抑郁、恐怖、其他因子分均显著高于中国军人常模（P〈0.05）,人际敏感、焦虑、偏执因子分低于中国军人常模,但差异无统计学意义.女实习舰员在航行中、晚期较同期男舰员、女医务人员心理健康状况差（P〈0.05）.结论 长远航明显降低女实习舰员的心理健康水平,应及时对女实习舰员的心理健康进行必要的干预.

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the midshipwomen involved in Mission Harmony-2010 and its influencing factors, and also to provide scientific basis for the maintenance of mental health and selection of female ship crew.Methods With midshipwomen, female medical personnel, male shipcrew as study subjects, and with cluster sampling and stratified random sampling as study methods, questionnaires were conducted 4 times by using symptom checklist （SCL-90） and routine interviews were also made during our study.Results During the prolonged seagoing deployment, the rate of detection for mental health problems among the midshipwomen was 21.8%. Scores of various factors during the mid stage of deployment were obviously higher than those of the normal people. However, in the later stage, scores of various factors were slightly lower than those of the normal people. Statistical significance was shown in the mental health status of the midshipwomen, when a comparison was made between pre-deployment,early stage of deployment and the mid and later stages of deployment（P〈0.05）. Scores of somatization, depression, phobia and other factors were significantly higher than those of the norms of Chinese military personnel （P〈0.05）. Scores of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and paranoia were lower than those of the norms of Chinese military personnel, but without statistical significance. During the mid and later stage of the prolonged seagoing deployment, the mental health status of midshipwomen was worse than that of the male ship crew and female medical personnel（P〈0.05）.Conclusions Prolonged seagoing deployment could significantly worsen the mental health status of midshipwomen. It was necessary to give in-time psychological intervention so as to ensure the mental health of midshipwomen.