药物缓释载体材料在医药领域中的研究及应用

Drug delivery materials in the field of medicine and its application

背景:药物缓释就是将小分子药物与高分子载体以物理或化学方法结合,在体内通过扩散、渗透等控制方式,将小分子药物以适当的浓度持续地释放出来,从而达到充分发挥药物功效的目的。目的:总结药物缓释载体材料特征及其在医药领域中的应用。方法:以"药物缓释、载体材料、生物降解、壳聚糖、聚乳酸、海藻酸钠"为中文关键词,以"Drug delivery,carrier material,biodegradable,chitosan,polylactic acid,sodium alginate"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed数据库(1993-01/2010-11)相关文章。纳入高分子生物材料-药物缓释载体等相关的文章,排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章,共入选31篇文章进入结果分析。结果与结论:壳聚糖和聚乳酸是当前在药物缓释体系中应用较多的材料,它是将小分子药物与高分子载体以物理或化学方法结合,以适当的浓度持续地释放出来,从而达到充分发挥药物功效的目的,较单一生物材料具有显著优越性,具有更好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。目前很多研究仍处于实验阶段,还有一些问题有待于解决,如制剂质量方法不成熟,剂量较难控制,成本较高等。

BACKGROUND：Drug delivery is the physical or chemical method of combining small molecule drug with polymer carrier to release small molecule drug at the appropriate concentration through diffusion and permeation approaches to achieve a therapeutic effect in the body.OBJECTIVE：To study the characteristics and application of drug delivery materials in the field of medicine.METHODS：A computer based search of CNKI and PubMed databases was conducted to retrieve relevant articles published between 1993-01 and 2010-11 using the keywords of ＂drug delivery,carrier material,biodegradable,chitosan,polylactic acid,sodium alginate＂ in Chinese and English.Articles about polymer biomaterials and drug delivery carriers were searched.Repetitive articles or Meta analysis were excluded.Finally,31 papers were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Chitosan and polylactic acid are commonly seen in the drug delivery system,which combines small molecule drug with polymer carrier by physical or chemical methods for sustained release at the appropriate concentrations to achieve a therapeutic effect.They have more significant advantages than single biomaterials,and possess a better biocompatibility and biodegradability.At present,a lot of research is still in experimental stage,and there are some problems to be solved,such as the immature preparation approach,difficulty to control dosage,and high cost.