不同流速下杂交鲟幼鱼游泳状态与活动代谢研究

EFFECTS OF FLOW RATE ON SWIMMING STATES AND ACTIVITY METABOLISM IN JUVENILE HYBRID STURGEON

为研究水流速度对杂交鲟幼鱼行为和代谢的影响,探讨游泳状态与活动代谢及相关游泳运动参数之间的关系,在26℃水温下,使用特制的鱼类游泳行为和活动代谢同步测定装置,测定了杂交鲟幼鱼在0.1、0.3、0.5 m/s三种流速和静水条件下的游泳状态、趋流率、摆尾频率和耗氧率。结果表明:随着流速的增大,杂交鲟幼鱼逆流前进和逆流静止游泳状态所占时间比例显著减少,而逆流后退所占时间比例显著增加,顺流而下时间比例有所上升。在0.0—0.3 m/s的流速范围内,杂交鲟幼鱼各个时段的平均趋流率、摆尾频率和耗氧率均随着流速的增加而增大,在0.3 m/s流速下分别达到100%﹑(2.53±0.34)Hz和(490.99±164.59)mg O2/(kg.h)。当流速增加至0.5 m/s时,在趋流率仍保持100%的情况下,其耗氧率相比0.3 m/s增加了21.86%,而摆尾频率却减小了6.70%。实验过程杂交鲟幼鱼趋流率与摆尾频率呈显著线性正相关,而摆尾频率与耗氧率在大部分时段却无相关性。随着时间的延长,各流速组杂交鲟幼鱼趋流率、摆尾频率和耗氧率呈现不同的变化趋势,其趋流率均相对稳定;但摆尾频率均随时间延长呈下降趋势,而耗氧率则在实验前9h随时间延长逐渐增加,随后趋于稳定。研究结果提示:杂交鲟幼鱼游泳状态的变化与流速有关,而反映运动强度大小的摆尾频率与活动代谢率的关系受到游泳状态的显著影响,同时也与运动代谢特征的时间变化有关。

In order to study the effects of flow rate on swimming performance and activity metabolism,discuss the rela-tionship between swimming states,rheotaxis frequency,tail beating frequency and oxygen consumption rate,the effects of different flow rates（0.0,0.1,0.3,and 0.5 m/s） on swimming states and in juvenile hybrid sturgeon（Huso duricus Georgi♂×Acipenser schrencki Brandt♀）,weight of（56.10±4.95） g and body length of（21.08±0.27） cm,were studied.The experimental temperature was 26℃ and the instrument for measuring swimming behavior and activity metabolism was used.The results showed that swimming states of juvenile hybrid sturgeon were apparently affected by flow rate.With increasing water velocity,the proportion of behavior of swimming forward or keeping stable decreased.While time proportion of behavior of moving backward or swimming downstream increased.Rheotaxis frequency,tail beating frequency and oxygen consumption rate of juvenile hybrid sturgeon,peaking at 100%,（2.53±0.34） Hz and（490.99±164.59） mg O2/（kg.h） of each sampling time,at the flow rate of 0.3 m/s were higher than those at the flow rate of 0.0 m/s.Compared to the parameters at the flow rate of 0.3 m/s,though rheotaxis frequency of fish kept stable by 100% at the flow rate of 0.5 m/s,oxygen consumption rate was increased by 21.86%,while tail beating frequency was decreased by 6.7%.There were linear correlations between tail beating frequency and rheotaxis frequency,while there was no correlation between tail beat frequency and oxygen consumption rate.Rheotaxis frequency,tail beating fre-quency and oxygen consumption rate exhibited different trends with the experimental time.Rheotaxis frequency kept stable,while tail beating frequency decreased with the experimental time.Oxygen consumption rate increased and the maximum appeared in the 9h,then the index decreased and maintained stable.The results showed that swimming state of juvenile Hybrid sturgeon was apparently affected by flow rate,while the relations between tail beat frequency which reflects exercise intensity and oxygen consumption rate were influenced by swimming states,meanwhile it also related to the time changes of the characteristic of exercise metabolism.