贵阳市城乡老年人2009年卒中患病率及危险因素现况调查

Inventory survey of the prevalence and risk factors of stroke among the elderly in the urban and rural areas of Guiyang in 2009

目的调查贵阳市城乡老年人群(≥>60岁)卒中流行现状及常见危险因素与卒中发病的关系。方法以现况研究设计,采用整群抽样的方法对贵阳市2个街道办事处和一个镇的≥60岁常住居民进行卒中患病率及常见危险因素的调查。按每10岁为一个年龄组(80岁及以上归入一组),描述卒中的流行现状及常见危险因素的分布特征。结果①贵阳市城乡≥>60岁老年人卒中患病率为5.4%(392/7299)。城市患病率高于农村(5.8%对4.4%,P=0.叭3);男、女患病率差异无统计学意义(5.6%对5.2%,P=0.458)。随着年龄的增长,城市和农村卒中患病率均有增高的趋势(P<0.01)。②高血压患病率为40.8%(2977/7299)。血压正常组卒中患病率为2.6%(65/2539),高血压前期组(血压:120～139/80～89 mmHg)为5.9%(106/1792),高血压组为7.1%(211/2968),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③随着受教育程度的提高,不论男女卒中患病率均下降;随着体质量指数的增高,卒中发病率逐渐增高。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。④多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、超重或肥胖、高血压、高血压前期、高血糖、心脏病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史、喜高盐饮食是卒中的危险因素,高学历是保护因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论贵阳市城乡老年人群卒中患病率为5.4%。高血压是卒中最主要的危险因素,高学历是保护因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of stroke and the relation between common risk factors and stroke attack among the elderly population in the urban and rural areas of Guiyang. Methods By using the cluster sampling method, the prevalence of stroke and the common risk factors of the permanent residents ≥ 60 years in two subdistrict offices and a town in Guiyang were investigated according to the current research design. The prevalent status of stroke and the distribution characteristics of common risk factors were described according to each 10-year age group （ ≥ 80 years was included in a group）. Results ①The prevalence of stroke in the elderly ≥ 60 years in the urban and rural areas was 5.4% （392/7299）. The urban prevalence was higher than the rural one （5.8% vs. 4.4% , P = 0.013 ） ; there was no significant difference in the prevalence between the females and males （5.2% vs. 5.6% , P = 0. 458 ）. The stroke prevalence in both urban and rural areas had an increased tendency with age （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. ②The prevalence of hypertension was 40.8% （2977/7299）. The prevalence of stroke in normal blood pressure group was 2.6% （65/2539）, in prehypertension group was 5.9% （106/1792） and in bypertension group was 7. 1% （211/2968）. The differences were statistically significant （P〈 0. 01 ）. ③With the elevation of the level of education, the prevalence rates of stroke were decreased in both malc.s and females ; with the increase of body mass index, the incidence of stroke increased gradually. The differ- ences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. ④The muhivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age, overweight or obesity, hypertension, prehypertension, hyperglycenfia, and histories of heart dis- ease, smoking, drinking and family, as well as the high-salt diet were the risk factors for stroke. The high level of education was a protective factor. The differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of stroke was 5.4% in the elderly population in the urban and rural areas of Guiyang. Hypertension is a most important risk factor for stroke and the high level of education is a protective factor.