注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的脑电特征及与视觉注意功能的关联研究

Study on the EEG characteristics and its correlation with visual attention function in attention deficithyperactivity disorder

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention deficithyperactivity disorder,ADHD）儿童的脑电活动特征以及与视觉注意功能的关联性。方法采用1：1病例对照研究方法，对6—14岁37例ADHD儿童和37例正常儿童分别进行脑电特征以及视觉注意功能测查，分析脑电频率、振幅、脑电功率、以及脑电功率与视觉注意的关系。结果ADHD组0波振幅变化[（20．48±14．99）μV]显著高于对照组[（12．37±8．06）μV，P〈0．05]，13波频率[（16．63±1．72）Hz]显著低于对照组[（17．65±0．25）Hz，P〈0．05]；ADHD组B波相对脑电功率值（5．24±1．24）显著低于对照组（6．30±1．19），（P〈0．05）；ADHD组θ／β比值（4．22±1．26）显著高于对照组（3．41±0．52），（P〈0．05）；左右眼数空缺成绩ADHD组分别为（56．76±19．16）分、（49．73±23．39）分，显著低于对照组成绩（72．43±17．23）分、（71．35±16．69）分；ADHD组0波的相对功率与左眼、右眼的数空缺成绩都呈显著负相关（r值分别为-0．448和-0．361），（P〈0．05），相对功率比值θ／β与右眼数空缺成绩呈显著负相关（r为-0．352），（P〈0．05）。结论ADHD组儿童的脑电特征存在异常，视觉注意水平显著低于对照组儿童；关联性分析显示ADHD组儿童脑电功率变化对大脑注意资源的分配有明显影响。

Objective To explore the EEG characteristics and the correlation between EEG characteristics and visual attention function in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）. Methods 1：1 case-control study was applied（ 37 ADHD children were compared with 37 healthy control groups）. Participants aged from 6 to 14 years were involved in this study. All children were tested EEG characteristics and visual function,including the frequency, amplitude, relative power and counting missing features test. And the correlation was analyzed between relative power and visual function. Results The 0 amplitude （ （20.48 ± 14.99） μV） in ADHD was significantly higher than that in the control group （ （ 12.37 ± 8.06 ） μV ）, （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the βfrequency （ （ 16.63 ± 1.72 ） Hz） in ADHD was significantly lower than that in the control group （ （ 16.63 ± 1.72） Hz, P 〈 0.05 ） ; the relative power of βin ADHD （5.24 ± 1.24） was significantly lower than that in the control group （ 6.30 ± 1.19 ）, （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the θ/β ratio in ADHD （4.22 ± 1.26 ） was significantly higher than that in the control group （3.41± 0.52 ） （P 〈 0.05 ） ;the double eyes＇counting missing features mark （56.76 ± 19.16 ）, （49.73 ± 23.39 ） in ADHD were significantly lower than that in the control group （ 72.43 ± 17.23 ）, （ 71.35 ± 16.69 ）. There was significant negative correlation between the θ relative power and double eyes＇counting missing features （ r = -0.448 and -0. 361 ） ; the θ/β ratio had significantly negative correlation with the fight eye＇s counting missing features（ r = -0. 352）. Conclusion Compare to the normal control group, the ADHD group shows significant difference in EEG characteristics and visual attention function. The change of EEG power characteristics has a significant affect on the allocation of attention.