曼海姆论保守主义思想探析

Karl Mannheim on Conservative Views

曼海姆认为保守主义不同于传统主义,前者是一种思想体系,后者则是一种心理特征。不同保守主义针对其要"保"的现实存在与对抗的意识形态不同,会采取不同的理论形态,但形式上的一致性却构成了其共同的理论特征。对保守主义的分析,必须依据社会存在并把它与特定政治联系在一起,通过对其理论形态的前经验与内在核心的分析,并采用知识社会学归因的方法才能把握其实质。曼海姆这一思想有重要的理论价值与现实意义,但其历史向度缺失以及"价值中立"的立场也使其表现出了一定的局限性。

Mannheim holds that conservativism is different from traditionalism： the former is an ideological system while the latter a psychological trait. Meanwhile, different conservativisms have different reality existences for ＂conservancy＂ and against different ideological forms, and adopt different theoretical paradigms; but their consistency in form constitutes the shared theoretical property. The analysis of conservativism must follow social existence and associate it with particular poli- tics. It must take into account of the pre-experienee and inner core of its theoretical forms and utilize the attribution metho- dology of epistemological sociology to command the essence. This view has Both important theoretical value and practical sig nificance. However, the limits of his theory is that it lacks a historical orientation and its stance is ＂value-neutral＇.