融资困境、知识产权质押贷款与中小企业可持续发展——来自中国的经验

Finance Constraint,IPR Collateral Loan,and Lasting Development of SME:Evidences from China

轻资产、抵押物缺乏是中小企业特别是科技型中小企业的显著特点,传统银行信贷难以为其提供充分的融资服务,中小企业融资困境普遍而持续的存在。如何利用中小企业商标权、专利权等无形资产禀赋开发知识产权质押贷款,已成为各地积极探索的创新性融资模式。知识产权质押贷款先行地区如北京、湖南和四川等地的运作经验表明,我国知识产权质押贷款存在两种主要模式——政府推动型和市场驱动型,这两种模式都有一定的缺陷:政府推动型模式可持续性较低,而市场驱动型模式融资规模受到限制。有鉴于此,应该从提高知识产权质押评估水平、加强政策性扶持、构建知识产权交易平台等方面入手,进一步在我国开展知识产权质押贷款工作,尽快缓解中小企业融资困境,促进中小企业可持续发展。

SMEs, especially the Hi-tech SMEs, are well known for their relatively low fixed assets ratio to total assets and their absence of collateral loan, which makes them little access to the traditional commercial banks. Naturally, SMEs＇ finance constraint is a universal and lasting problem. The related parties all over the country then make great efforts utilizing intangible assets, such as trademark and patent, to design intellectual property rights （IPR） collateral loan. By case study, tiffs paper investigates IPR collateral loan operational experience in Beijing, Hunan, and Sichuan, and maintains that there appears to be two modes of IPR collateral loan： government driven pattern and market-driven pattern. The government- driven pattern constricts its ability of lasting development, whereas the market-driven pattern is reproved by its financing quantity. Accordingly, the author puts forward such suggestions as improving the ability to evaluate IPR, strengthening the governmental support, and constructing exchange platform of IPR to help the lasting development of SMEs by popularizing IPR collateral loan.