云南黄素馨的开花习性与传粉的生物学特性

Flowering Habit and Ecological Pollination Characteristics of Jasminum mesnyi

为云南黄素馨的利用提供依据,野外定点观察了云南黄素馨花朵的功能形态特征、开花物候、开花动态、访花昆虫的行为及访花频率,并对其杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比、花粉活力和柱头可授性等进行了检测。结果表明:1)云南黄素馨的种群花期为2-4月中旬;单花花期为4～11 d,其中重瓣花8～11 d,单瓣花4～8 d。2)在花未开时,其花粉活力及柱头可授性均较高,且开花当天柱头可授性最强,随着开花时间的延长,柱头可授性及花粉的活力逐渐降低。3)云南黄素馨的杂交指数值为4,繁育系统属于部分自交亲和、异交、需要传粉者。4)蜜蜂、蚁类、蝇、蝶类等在其传粉过程中发挥了重要作用。

The morphological functional character,flowering phenology and dynamics,the behavior and visiting frequency of insect visitors were observed,and the breeding system,pollen-ovule ratio（P/O） and pollen viability were determined to provide the basis for utilization of Jasminum mesnyi.The results are as follows：1） The flowering stages of J.mesnyi were from February to middle April.The duration of single flower of J.mesnyi lasts for four to eleven days,and the multivalve and the univalve flower have the different single flower duration.2） The stigmas receptivity and pollen viability are higher at the bud period,but the stigmas have the highest receptivity when flowering,and then the stigmas receptivity and pollen viability decrease gradually.3） J.mesnyi is partly self-compatible,and outcrossing requiring pollinator.4）The insect visitors of J.mesnyi such as bees,butterflies,flies and ants play important roles in the pollination.