我国遗传毒理学发展的回顾

Retrospective review of the development of genetic toxicology in China

回顾了中国遗传毒理学发展的三个阶段 :自 70年代末至 1983年为启动阶段 ,建立了一系列遗传毒性检测方法 ,筛检了大量环境化学物的遗传毒性 ,以及培训了大量专业人员 ,成立了中国环境诱变剂学会。自 1983～ 1993年为深入发展的关键阶段。遗传毒性检测方法标准化、规范化 ,开展遗传毒性机制的研究 ,遗传毒性试验列入新药、农药、食品、化妆品等安全性评价准则 ,并成立了中国毒理学会遗传毒理专业委员会。自 1993年至今 ,遗传毒理学进入了分子时代。建立了分子致突变测试系统 ,例如穿梭质粒载体系统 ,转基因动物致突变测试系统 ,以及其他应用分子生物学方法进行突变的分子分析等。开展了基因突变分子机制的研究 ,在非定标性突变方面取得了显著成就。并且 ,还回顾了遗传毒理在我国人类环境的现场监测、人群健康监测、遗传毒性与疾病。

Three stages of the development of genetic toxicology in China are retrospectively reviewed in this article.In the initiating stage from late 1970's to 1983 a series of assays for evaluation of genotoxicity were set up and a large number of environmental chemicals had been screened with these assays.Meanwhile,the training of the professional staff and the foundation of Chinese Environmental Mutagen Society were proceeded in this period.During the period of 1983~1993 the assays for evaluation of genotoxicity were standardized and normalized step by step,and finally,a battery of genotoxicity assays were listed in the items of safety evaluation guideline for research on new drugs,pesticides,foods,cosmetics and so on.Studies on mechanism of genotoxicity were carried out with effort.Furthermore,Genetic Toxicology Committee of Chinese Scoiety of Toxicology was founded.Since 1993,genetic toxicology has stepped onto a molecular level.Molecular test systems on mutations such as shuttle vector systems,transgenic animal mutation test systems,and many others which apply molecular bio\|assays to analyse mutations at molecular level have been developed in succession.Researches on molecular mechanism of gene mutations are also in process and remarkable achievements have been made in studies on no\|ntargeted mutations.Besides,the applications of genetic toxicology in environmental mutagens monitoring in site,human population health monitoring and epidemiologic investigations on correlation between genotoxicity and diseases (e.g.cancers)were also retrospectively reviewed.