我国神经行为毒理学研究概况与进展

A profile of study on neurobehavioral toxicology in China

国内较为系统研究和应用神经行为方法始于 80年代初。 1986年引入世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试组合 ( NCTB) ,使之中文化 ,制成中文版本。同时对影响测试结果的主要混杂因素 ,如受试者年龄、性别、文化水平进行了深入研究 ,并建立了按年龄、性别、文化水平分组的 5 5 4名无环境有害因素接触史健康者 NCTB的参比值。此外 ,还发展出用因子分析和聚类分析法来研究NCTB。在此期间 ,于 1988年国内首次研制出中文化神经行为评价系统 ( NES- C1)用于检测工人神经行为功能。在此基础上 ,于 1992年和 1998年分别发展出性能更为良好的第二代 ( NES- C2 )和第三代 ( NES- C3)中文化神经行为测试评价系统。在现场调查中 ,用 NCTB和 NES对受检者测试结果表明 ,两者的效度、信度及灵敏度俱佳 ,是检测环境有害因素对中枢神经系统早期不良影响的一个极为有用的工具。在此还介绍了环境有害因素如铅、锰。

A comprehensive review of the neurobehavioral toxicology was presented in China in this paper.The systematic application of the neurobehavioral tests for the protection of workers from the damage of environmental hazards began in early 1980s.Later in 1986,WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery(NCTB) was introduced in China and translated into Chinese Version.The effects of the main confounding factors such as age,sex and education level of subjects on the results tested with NCTB were conducted.The reference values of NCTB were established in 554 healthy subjects not exposed to the environmental hazards based on grouping age\,sex and education level of subjects.Furthermore,the factor analysis and cluster analysis used in NCTB were developed.Meanwhile,the computer\|administered Chinese Version of the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System(NES\|C\-1)was first made for testing workers exposed to the environmental hazards in 1988.On the bases of NES\|C\-1,the upgraded NES\|C\-2 and NES\|C\-3 with better quality were developed in 1992 and 1998,respectively.The findings tested subjects using NCTB and NES\|C in the field survey showed that both NCTB and NES\|C were valid,reliable,sensitive and were a very useful tool for the early detection of the adverse effects of the environmental hazards on central nervous system.The possible biological mechanisms of neurobehavioral alteration caused by environmental hazards,for example,lead,manganese,aluminum and alcohol were also introduced in this paper.