论黑格尔市民社会理论的由来、逻辑定位和基本结构

On the Origin,Location and Basic Structure of Hegel's Civil Society Theory

黑格尔把市民社会看成是绝对精神实现自我意识的客观性伦理的一个重要环节,客观伦理精神的发展是以家庭、市民社会和国家三个阶段否定之否定的形式而展开的。在黑格尔的市民社会理论中首次实现了市民社会和国家的分离,把市民社会作为一个相对独立的领域进行研究和论述,打破了以往把市民社会等同于政治国家的做法,展现了近代资本主义社会在市场经济体制下,政治国家与市民社会相分离的内在趋势。黑格尔的市民社会理论对于需要和热情的分析,对于劳动的能动性和创造性的突出,以及对法和国家的伦理本性的分析相对于前人都有很大的突破。这些要素对于马克思的市民社会理论和唯物史观的出现产生了深刻的影响。

Hegel regards civil society as an important link for absolute spirit to achieve the objectivity ethics of self-awareness,and the development of ethical spirit consists of three sections： family,civil society and country,which have negation of the negation relationship.Hegel＇s theory of civil society first formally achieved the separation between civil society and country,and made the civil society as a separated field for research and demonstration.His theory also breaks the way to equate civil society with country in the former theory,and revealed the trend of the separation between civil society and country in the background of market＇s economic systems in capital society.Hegel＇s theory of civil society also brings forth many new theories in the analysis of needs and enthusiasms,the highlights of labor＇s activity and creativity,and the analysis of the ethical nature of the law and country compared to the former philosopher.All these elements also have great affects on the production of Marx＇s theory of civil society and historical materialism.