从卢梭的教育思想看我国的基础教育改革——兼论基础教育阶段美术课程评价模式选择

A Tentative Examination of the Basic Education Reform in China from the Perspective of Rousseau's Education Thought——Discussion of the Choice of Evaluation Models for the Course of Fine Arts in Basic Education

自然主义教育是卢梭教育思想的基础和核心。我国的基础教育改革在经历了从20世纪80年代的埋头应试到今天越来越重视学生的全面发展之后,其内涵得到了较大的提升。然而,由于传统观念和社会客观条件的影响以及对素质教育理解尚存在着偏差,应试教育仍然主导着我国基础教育诸多方面。卢梭顺应人的自然本性的教育观对我们不无启发。鉴于此,根据不同年龄时期的身心特点对学生实施启发式教育,尤其应重视审美素养的提高等方面仍然是基础教育阶段美术课程评价的模式选择。

Naturalistic education is the corner stone and core of Rousseau＇s education thought.In our country,the basic education has been exam-oriented since the 1980＇s.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the all-round development of the students.And the contents of the basic education reform have been extended.However,the exam-oriented education is still dominant due to the influence of traditional outlooks and social conditions as well as the prejudices about the concept of quality education.This paper,on the basis of Rousseau＇s naturalistic education,attempts to emphasize that heuristic education should be implemented according to the physical and mental characteristics of the students in different age groups.It also discusses the choice of the evaluation models for the course of fine arts in basic education with reference to the improvement of aesthetic quality and other factors.