日本福岛核电站事故对安全科学的启示

The Enlightenment of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident to Safety Science

日本福岛核电站事故是继三哩岛和切尔诺贝利事故之后又一次世界上的重大核事故。事故的原因和后果虽尚无定论,但在核工业界和学术界已经引起不同层次的种种反思。一方面,从安全科学的角度,分析福岛核事故所暴露出安全科学理论方法存在的诸多问题,主要包括:系统安全分析与评价方法的有效性不足,安全纵深防御体系和机制存在缺陷,安全系统、安全设施设计的理念落后于自然界演变和发展的速度及规律,对小概率事件缺乏深刻认识,安全文化的有效性等。另一方面,通过分析三哩岛和切尔诺贝利事故,表明福岛核事故也将成为安全科学理论方法进一步发展和完善的契机。

Fukushima nuclear power plant accident is another serious one of word wide influence after accidents of Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.Though there is no final definition of its causes and aftermath,a great variety of retrospections are initiated in the area of nuclear industry and research.The paper analyzes the problems of today＇s safety science theory which are revealed by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident from the angle of safety theory and practices.These problems include the less efficiency of system safety analysis and assessment techniques,the deficiency of defense-in-depth system and mechanism,the idea of safety system and safety installation design lagging behind the speed and laws of evolvement and development of nature,no deep insights into low probability events as well as features of safety culture.On the other hand,through the analysis of Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents,it is shown that Fukushima nuclear power plant accident may become a chance for further development and perfection of safety science theory and techniques.