大陆克拉通壳幔结构及其形成演化

The crust-mantle structure of continental cratons and their formation and evolution

大陆克拉通能够避免遭受后期板块俯冲、对流侵蚀等构造作用的改造而长期稳定存在,与其岩石圈根独一无二的物质组成和结构密不可分.对大陆克拉通壳幔结构与形成演化机制进行研究,是认识演化中的地球及其动力系统的有效途径.本文从地震学、热学、岩石地球化学等几个方面对大陆克拉通壳幔结构研究进展进行了总结与分析,并对有关大陆克拉通形成的可能机制与演化等问题进行了探讨.大量的地质与地球物理研究显示,与全球典型大陆克拉通不同,华北克拉通具有异常的壳幔结构,暗示其至少部分遭受了破坏.

Continental craton appears to have remained convectively isolated from and unmixed with the rest of the mantle since the formation of the craton. The stability of craton is related to the unique composition and physical state of their underlying roots or keels. It is important to understand the architecture of cratons and how cratons form and evolve. The crust-mantle feature of Cratons and their variability were reviewed in this paper and the possible origin and evolution of craton are also reviewed and discussed. A wealth of observations suggests that there are obvious differences in the crust and mantle structure between the North China Craton （NCC） and other representative continental Cratons. NCC is characterized by thin, heat, and relatively melt- fertile lithospheric mantle, which imply that NCC has been destroyed during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic era.