一种基于信息反馈的高精度地震子波提取方法

Research on high precision seismic wavelet estimation based on information feedback

针对实际地震数据处理过程中参数化模型方法提取的子波与实际地震子波的一致性及其子波提取方法的有效性问题,本文提出一种基于信息反馈思想的地震子波提取方法.该方法利用提取的子波合成地震记录,对合成地震记录和原始地震记录中的关键属性、特定参数进行分析比较,并将比较结果作为反馈信息作用于地震子波提取过程.理论研究与分析结果表明,利用信息反馈判定子波的正确性及其子波提取技术的性能优劣,进而提高合成地震记录精度、改善子波提取方法,提高子波精度是有效可行的.

Seismic wavelet estimation is the basis of seismic data deconvolution, seismic impedance inversion and seismic forward modeling. In the practical seismic data processing, it is important to validate the consistency of the seismic wavelet estimated from the parametric model method with the actual seismic wavelet, and evaluate the effects of wavelet estimation technique performances. This paper proposes a high precision seismic wavelet estimation method based on information feedback. This method obtains the synthetic seismic records by convolution of parametric model seismic wavelet and the reflection coefficients. According to the application, the steps of composing the synthetic seismograms based on the seismic wavelet estimated are discussed and the reflection coefficients can be obtained by the deconvolution method or the logging records. Then the information for feedback is got by comparing and analyzing the linchpin attributes and specific parameters of the synthetic seismograms with the ones of original seismic profile. We get the feedback information from the linchpin attributes, which can be used as the key attributes of seismic profiles, through spectrum analysis to obtain some seismic attributes such as main frequency and bandwidth, and optimization of all the attributes we have got. The feedback information will have effects on the seismic wavelet estimation process and show the improvement direction of the wavelet estimation method. The theoretical research and analysis results show that it is feasible and applicable for seismic wavelet estimation by use of information feedback. We can validate the wavelet estimation accuracy and the wavelet estimation technique performances by increasing the synthetic seismogram accuracy.