克拉玛依地区鼠疫的危害评估调查

A serological survey of mouse plague in Kelamayi,Xinjiang

目的了解克拉玛依地区鼠种、密度及季节消长情况,评估本地区的鼠疫危害程度,预防人间鼠疫的发生。方法根据全国病媒生物监测方案结合新疆维吾尔自治区鼠疫监测方案(试行)鼠情进行监测。结果捕获鼠类1 915只,隶属3科11属15种,大沙鼠为戈壁荒漠的建群种,洞群密度和鼠密度分别为1.02洞/100 m和5.05只/洞群,全区夜行鼠密度为6.14%,其中白碱滩区的鼠密度相对较高为7.70%,其次是克拉玛依区为6.33%,乌尔禾区为5.67%,密度较低的是独山子区,为4.35%,鼠疫血清阳性率为0.92%,从捕获鼠体表采集蚤类4 100只,隶属4科9属14种,捕获鼠平均染蚤率为42%,总蚤指数为2.14。结论克拉玛依地区为鼠疫疫源地区,本地的鼠疫保存宿主主要是大沙鼠,其体表带有大量的寄生蚤,是鼠疫感染的主要媒介昆虫,应重视本地区的鼠疫监测和鼠疫预防宣传工作。

Objective To investigate the species distribution,density and seasonal variation of plague affected mice in Kalamay.Methods The study followed the standards of Chinese National Vector-borne Diseases Monitoring Program and Xinjiang Regional Plague Monitoring schedule.Plague infection was tested by a serological assay.Results We captured 1 915 mice,which belonged to 15 species,11 genera and 3 families.Serological surveys were performed on individual sera of 542 randomly selected mice.The dominant species of mouse was Rhombomys opimus,which had 1.02 holes per100m2 and 5.05 mice per hole,respectively.The highest density of mice was observed in Bai jiantang（7.7%）,followed by Kelamayi（6.33%）,Wuerhe（5.67%） and Dushanzi（4.35%）.The serum positive rate of plague is 0.92%（5/542）.Plague positive mice were found in the species of Rhombomys opimus and Meriones meridianus.The trapped mice had 4 100 fleas,which belonged to 14 species,9 genera and 4 families.Of the captured mice,42% had fleas.The flea index of the captured mice was 2.14.Conclusion The results showed the plague endemic of mice in Kelamayi.The high density of mice and the high index of fleas in plague affected mice suggest the potential risk of vector-borne plague spreading to human population.