西溪湿地外来植物及其风险管理

Risk Management of Alien Plants in Xixi Wetland

采用经典分类及群落学研究方法,通过实地调查和资料分析,对西溪湿地外来植物,特别是外来入侵植物的种类、生境、危害程度等进行了研究。结果表明:西溪湿地现有外来种子植物97科234属328种,其中被子植物91科220属311种。菊科、禾本科和蔷薇科等14科所含属种是该地外来植物的主要组成部分,菊科、禾本科占绝对优势;菊科外来植物在外来种中所占比例大,且危害较重。景观改造、湿地植物园引种是西溪湿地外来植物种类大量增加的主要原因。西溪湿地现有外来入侵植物共27科55属71种,原产地为美洲的48种,占总种数的67.61%;原产地为欧洲的9种,占12.68%。外来入侵植物以一年生或二年生草本居多,有52种,占总种数的73.24%,落叶灌木仅1种(占1.41%)。提出西溪湿地外来植物的编目、监测和数字化管理的建议,并建议将美丽飞蓬、南美天胡荽、再力花和黄菖蒲等4种外来植物列入中国外来入侵植物名录。

A survey was conducted through field investigation and literature review to study alien plant species,particularly invasive plants,their habitats and damages in Xixi wetland using traditional classification of phytocoenology method.The result indicated that there were 328 species and varieties,234 genera and 97 families of seed plants in Xixi wetland,among which 311 species,220 genera and 91 families were Angiosperm.Plants of 14 families including Compositae,Gramineae and Rosaceae constituted the majority of alien plants in the wetlands,and plants of Compositae and Gramineae constituted a predominant majority.Especially the plants of Compositae accounted for a large proportion of the alien plants,which caused more serious damage.Two main causes for an obvious increase of alien species were landscape reconstruction and plant introduction in wetland botanical garden.There were 71 species and varieties,55 genera and 21 families of alien invasive plants in Xixi wetland,among which 48 species（accounted for 67.61% of the total number of species） were native to America and 9 species（12.68%） to Europe.The majority of invasive plants were annual or biennial herbs（52 species,73.24%）,and only 1 species（1.41%） of deciduous bush plant was found.Suggestions on documentation,monitoring and digitalized management of the alien plants in Xixi wetland were proposed.It was suggested that Erigeon speciosus,Hydrocotyle vulgaris,Thalia dealbata,and Iris pseudacorus should be included in the list of alien invasive plants in China.