厩肥、秸秆和绿肥的含钾状况及其对土壤和作物钾素的供应能力

Potassium Status in Barnyard Manure, Crop Residue and Green Manure and Their Capability of Supplying Potassium to Soil and Crop

以常用有机肥料牛厩肥、猪厩肥、鸡粪及作物秸秆、油菜绿肥为材料,研究了这些有机物的全钾、速效钾和缓效钾的含量状况,以及它们对土壤钾及作物吸钾的供应能力。结果表明:(1) 三种有机粪肥及作物秸秆、绿肥中含钾量为0-85 % ～4-50 % ,其中有32-7 % ～69-7 % 为速效态钾,1-7 % ～25-0 % 为缓效态钾;(2) 肥料与土壤共同培养150 d 后,约有50 % ～80 % 的速效态钾和缓效态钾仍以两种形态存在于土壤之中,但其中速效态钾比例明显下降,缓效态钾比例显著提高。不同肥料种类和土壤类型对其有影响;(3) 各种有机肥均可显著提高玉米幼苗生物产量和吸钾量;(4) 有机肥供钾效果与土壤缓效钾关系较密切。

The status of total K,rapidly available K and slowly available K contents in five conventional organic fertilizers,e.g.,cattle manure,pig manure,chicken manure,crop residue and green manure,as potassium sources were reported in this paper .And the effects of the mentioned K resources on K supplying capability of soil and crop were studied.The following conclusions were developed from the obtained results.(1) The 5 kinds of K sources contented 0.85%-4.50% of total K,among which 32.7-69.7% was rapidly available K,1.7%-25.0% was slowly available K.(2)After 150 days of culturing,50%-80% of the rapidly and slowly available K still existed in the soil as the two forms,but the rapidly available K proportion decreased evidently and the slowly available K proportion increased significantly,and their extent was related to the K source kinds and soil types.(3)All kinds of mentioned organic fertilizer increased the dry weight and absorbed amount of K of corn seedling.(4)The effect on K supplying of organic fertilizer was more clearly related to soil slowly available K.