不同熟期小麦品种收获指数(HI)的遗传研究

Heredity Study on Harvest Index of Wheat Cultivars with Different Maturing Dates

采用 Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法Ⅰ，利用６×６完全双列杂交，对不同熟期冬小麦品种收获指数（ＨＩ）的遗传机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明：ＨＩ的ＧＣＡ效应、ＳＣＡ效应和Ｒ效应均达到极显著水平，其均方比为１．８０４： ０．３８４： １；ＨＩ遗传以加性基因效应占优势，但反交效应和非加性基因效应也不可忽视；加性基因效应对后代ＨＩ的提高因亲本而异，在该性状的遗传改良中存在着母体效应；ＨＩ的广义遗传力为 ９２．４４％，狭义遗传力为６４．８６％；各亲本的ＨＩ对后代传递的整齐度以Ｐ２为好。

Applying 6×6 complete diallel crossing design of Griffing method I, the authors preliminarily study the genetic mechanism of the harvest index (HI) of wheat cultivars with different maturing dates. The result indicates: The variance differences reach the most significant level for general combining ability (GCA); Special combining ability (SCA) and reverse crossing effect of the HI, and their mean square (MS) ratio is: 1.804: 0.384: 1. The additive effect is more important in the genetic variance of the HI, simultaneously reverse crossing effect and non-additive effect are also not ignored. Improving the HI of wheat progeny by the additive effect is relative to parents, associated with the genetics and modification of the character will be affected by maternal effect. The degree of uniformity that the HI of P2 transmited to progeny is the most in these parents.