十字花科蔬菜花粉电镜扫描分析

Analysis of Pollen in Cruciferae Vegetables with Scanning Electron Microscope

用扫描电子显微镜对十字花科蔬菜的花粉进行了观察分析。结果表明：（１）十字花科蔬菜花粉的基本形态特征为长椭圆形，具三沟，沟长几乎达两极；（２）花粉外壁纹饰多为典型的网状雕纹，但花粉大小，Ｐ／Ｅ值，网眼形状、大小和密度，网眼内颗粒状物的有无和多少等在种间存在明显差异；（３）与二倍体比较，四倍体的花粉显著变大，Ｐ／Ｅ值减小，网眼密度降低，网眼内颗粒状物增多，这些变异可以认为是基因剂量增加的遗传效应。

The pollen of vegetables in cruciferae was examined with scanning electron microscope. The results indicated: (1) The basic morphological characteristics of pollen in cruciferae vegetables is its long elliptical shape with 3 germinal furrows; (2) The ornamentation of exine in almost all the materials examined showed typical reticulate sculpture, but the pollen size and its ratio of polar axle to equator axle (P/E), the mesh size mesh shape .mesh density and the amount of granulose substance in average mesh existed significant difference in species; (3) In comparison with the diploid materials, the pollen size in several tetraploid materials which were induced artificially greatly increased 9 but the value of the P/E reduced obviously, besides, the amount of granulose substance in average mesh was significantly increased. These variances in pollen characters can be attributed to the results of chromosome doubling or the dosage effects of genes.