上海地区甘蓝型双低油菜育种的历史回顾、现状及展望

THE HISTORY, PRESENT SITUATON AND PROSPECTS OF RAPESEED BREEDING FOR CANOLA(Brassica napus L.) IN SHANGHAI

甘蓝型油菜是上海市郊区唯一的越冬油料作物，种植面积70000hm^2，平均产量2250kg／hm^2左右。上海双低油菜育种始于1981年，到目前已育成2个低芥酸油菜品种”申优青”和“沪秀青”，一个双低油菜品种“沪油12”。“沪油12”目前正在上海市郊区大面积推广。显性核不育双低油菜已实现三系配套，发现甘蓝型隐性核不育两型系“22118AB”保持基因，目前正进入纯化和测配强优势组合阶段。

Rapeseed (Brassica npus L.) is the only winter oil crop in Shanghai, the cultivated area is about 70 000 hectares and the average yield is bot 2 250kg/hm^2. Rapeseed breeding for canola have been carried out since 1981 in Shanghai. Two low erucic acid cultivare 'Shen Youqing' and 'Hu Xiuqing' and one canola cultivar 'Huyou 12' have been bred by Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. At present, the canola cultivar 'Huyou 12' has been utilized in rapeseed production of Shanghai. The three-line methed of genic male sterility has the been used in rapeseed hybrid production. A new system of genic male sterile two-type line '22118AB' which is controlled by two pairs of recessive genes has been found. The system has widly restoring resources, and the maintainer genes of cytoplasimic-genic interaction in the system has also been found by testing crosses. The sterility of the sterile line '22118A' is uninfluenced by eclogical condition.