还原模型与功能主义--兼评金在权的还原的物理主义

Models of Reduction and Functionalism: Comments on Kim's Reductive Physicalism

首先对内格尔的经典还原模型和金在权的功能还原模型做了比较,并指出,内格尔模型是在认识论或方法论的层面提出的,而金在权模型是在实践论或本体论的层面提出的;因此,这两个还原模型不是对立的,而是互补的。接着深入到个别事件的内部结构,对金在权的局部还原理论做出分析和评价,并指出其困境和出路。在金在权的三元有序组的事件结构的基础上提出四元有序组的事件结构,据此对功能意义和功能结构作出区分,进一步揭示了功能整体与其实现者之间的随附性关系。最后强调功能实在论的本体论立场,并借助"实体-偶性"和"原因-结果"这两对先验范畴对功能实在论和随附性概念给以形而上学的说明和辩护。

To start with, this paper makes a comparison between Nagel's classical model of reduction and Kim's functional model of reduction, and points out that Nagel's model is advanced on the level of epistemology or methodology and Kim's model onthe level of theory of practice or ontology; therefore, these two models are not opposite but complementary to each other. And then,probing into the internal structure of some single event, this paper carries out analysis and evaluation of Kim's theory of local reduction and indicates its difficulties and solutions. On the basis of Kim's event structure of ordered triple, I propose an event structure of ordered quadruple, according to which I draw a distinction between functional meaning and functional structure and thereby reveal the supervening relation between a functional whole and its realizer. At last, this paper emphasizes the ontological position of functional realism and, by means of two pairs of a priori categories ‘substance-accident’ and ‘cause-effect’, provides a metaphysical explanation and justification for functional realism and the concepts of supervenience.