心理学中的文化论与进化论之争

The Controversy Between Culturalism and Evolutionism in Psychology

文化论和进化论是差异很大的心理学元理论,它们对许多心理学问题都有不同看法,由此形成心理学中二者的纷争。其纷争主要表现在心理发展路向、心理规律与决定因素、发展路径、对心理文化差异的解释、立场与理念和判定心理或行为的标准等几方面。通过分析,可以看出两种理论实际上呈互补关系,可以把它们整合起来。这样能够对人的心理和行为有更为合理的解释,进而更好地指导实践。

Culturalism and evolutionism are very different meta-theories of psychology, which have much different views about many psychological problems, which form the controversy in psychology. The controversy between them concerns the following: the orientation and laws and ways of mind development, the explanation for the differences of mind in culture, the research standpoint,and conception and the criteria to judge mind or behavior, etc. Through analysis, we can see the two theories are not opposed to each other completely but complementary. So we are able to integrate them to give a more perfect rational and systematic explanation for human mind or behavior.