苏北地区乡村聚落的格局特征与类型划分

A RESEARCH ON PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPE CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENT IN NORTHERN JIANGSU PROVINCE

以苏北地区乡村聚落为研究对象,运用RS和GIS技术,利用景观分析方法,选取空间韵律指数及聚类分析探讨苏北地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分,结果表明,苏北地区乡村聚落的空间分布存在明显的地域差异。徐淮平原聚落规模大而稀疏;淮阴平原聚落规模相对大,较密集;盐城地区聚落规模小而密集。聚落被划分为盐宿地区聚落高密度分布区、徐连淮丘陵地区聚落中密度分布区、淮阴平原过渡性聚落均匀分布区及徐淮平原聚落稀疏分布区四种典型的类型区。

The regional differentiation and pattern evolution of rural settlement location, size, distribution, structure, form and function can often reveal man-land interative footprint in different stages and different areas. This paper aims to analyze the pattem characteristic of rural settlement in northern Jiangsu province by applying RS, GIS and landscape analysis method. Using rural settlement in northern Jiangsu province as study unit, the research selects the spatial metrics to analyse pattern characteristics of typical samples and chooses NP, LPI, AREA_MN, PD, ENN_MN, FRAC MN and SHAPE_MN to measure every county unit. One typical sample （W-E） traverses the central region of northern Jiangsu area, the other sample （NW-SE） traverses coastland of northern Jiangsu area. Every sample is composed of 20km＊20km quadrat. Changes in landscape level metrics along the transects reflects that the density of rural settlements in Yancheng and Huaian is higher than that in Xuzhou and Suqian; the shape of rural settlements in Yancheng is flat, however, rural settlements in Xuzhou and Suqian show cluster distribution. Making county as the study unit, the paper analyses pattern characteristics of rural settlement from three aspects which are scale, distribution and shape. The results show that the spatial distribution of rural settlement in northern Jiangsu area presents obvious regional variations. The scale of Xuhuai plain rural settlement is large but sparse. Settlements show regiment distribu- tion and obvious seperation. Huaiyin plain is located in north to south transition zone. The scale of rural settlement is relatively large and separation is relatively obvious. Rural settlements in Yangcheng area are dense and show ribbon distribution along the river. Moreover, the rural settlements in northem Jiangsu area are divided into four types mainly by k-means cluster with the variable of spatial metrics indices. Four typical areas are respectively Yangsu high density distribution region, Xulianhuai medium density distribution region, Huaiyin plain uniform distribution region and Xuhuai plain sparse distribution region.