摘要
河岸植被缓冲带是河流生态系统和陆地生态系统之间的生态交错带,具有独特的生态系统结构和服务功能,也是近年来生态学和环境科学研究的热点之一。本文对河岸带的生态系统结构及其在生物多样性维持、非点源氮素污染防治等主要生态服务功能方面的研究进行了系统总结和分析。由于岸边缓冲带具有结构复杂、系统内外干扰因子多、时空异质性强等特征,要实现对河岸带生态系统的科学有效管理,还需要进行大量的理论和案例研究。从系统生态学和景观生态学的角度,展望了该领域的研究前景:(1)加强人类活动干扰如土地利用的时空变化对河岸区域生物多样性分布特征和生态环境效应的影响研究;(2)加强不同河岸植被缓冲带结构和区域环境特征对非点源氮素污染净化机理和控制过程的研究;(3)在小尺度长期定位观测和机理研究的基础上,综合运用数学方法、遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)等工具,开发适合我国地域特点和环境特征的生态系统管理模型,定量研究河岸带生态系统结构、过程与功能动态变化及其与人类活动干扰之间的相互关系和影响机制,为区域社会经济的可持续发展提供科学依据和管理对策。
Riparian vegetation buffer zone is the ecotone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems,which has unique spatial structure and ecological service functions,being a research hotspot in ecological and environmental sciences.In this paper,the researches on the ecosystem structure of the riparian zone and its main ecological service functions in biodiversity conservation and non-point nitrogen pollution prevention were summarized and analyzed.Owing to the complicated structure,multiple interference factors,and high spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the riparian zone,more theoretical and case studies are needed to improve the scientific management of riparian ecosystem.It was prospected from the viewpoints of ecosystem ecology and landscape ecology that further researches in the following fields would be made:(1) effects of human disturbances such as the spatiotemporal change of land use on the biodiversity and eco-environment in the riparian zone,(2) effects of different riparian vegetation buffer zones and regional environmental characteristics on the purification mechanisms and control processes of non-point nitrogen pollution,and(3) development of ecosystem management models adaptive to our regional and environmental characteristics,and quantitative study of dynamic changes in riparian ecosystem structure,process,and function as well as their relationships with and impact mechanisms of human disturbances,based on the small-scale and long-term observation in fixed location and mechanism study and on the comprehensive usage of mathematical methods,remote sensing,and GIS,with the aim of providing scientific evidences and management policies for the sustainable development of regional economy.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第8期1830-1837,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07526-002-02)
国家杰出青年基金项目(40925003)资助
关键词
河岸植被缓冲带
非点源污染
植物多样性
生态服务功能
riparian vegetation buffer zone
non-point pollution
plant diversity
ecological service function