粟酒裂殖酵母菌对环境压力响应的研究进展

Responses of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to environmental stress:A review

粟酒裂殖酵母菌(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)是一种重要的模式生物,被广泛运用于细胞周期控制、染色体分离、基因沉默、线粒体来源论和减数分裂的研究。由于粟酒裂殖酵母与人类进化的亲缘关系较近,因此近年来其被运用于对非自然环境压力的研究中。大多数压力会直接或间接引起粟酒裂殖酵母的活性氧压力。本文从基因组、蛋白质组和整体细胞结构上概述了粟酒裂殖酵母的基本特征,重点探讨了粟酒裂殖酵母在物理辐射、氧化物、重金属和激素类化合物等环境压力下的响应研究进展,分析了不同环境压力下粟酒裂殖酵母响应途径以及可能涉及的组分,并对该模式生物该如何更好地应用于环境评价领域进行了展望。

Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an excellent model organism widely applied in the study of cell-cycle control,mitosis and meiosis,DNA repair and recombination,and checkpoint controls important for genome stability.Because of its close relationship with human beings evolution,S.pombe has recently being applied in the researches on its responses to environmental stresses.A majority of the stresses can directly or indirectly induce the reactive oxygen species（ROS） of S.pombe.This paper summarized the basic characteristics of S.pombe genome,proteome,and cellular structure,reviewed the research progress in the responses of S.pombe to environmental stresses,e.g.,physical radiation,oxidants,heavy metals,and hormones,etc.,and analyzed the response pathways as well as the components possibly involved under different environmental stresses.Further studies on the better application of the model organism in environmental assessment were prospected.