麻疯树优良单株筛选重要性状评价指标研究

Evaluation Indices of Important Characters of Jatropha(Jatropha curcas L.) Accessions

利用方差分析、相关分析、因子分析和通径分析等方法,对筛选到的20株麻疯树优良单株的产量性状指标和种子特性等进行分析,结果表明:(1)单株果数、单株种子数、单株果重和单株种子重的变异系数均大于60%,具有较大的选择潜力,而百粒重、种子长度、种子宽度、种子厚度、种子含水量和种子含油量的变异系数分别为9.09%、1.67%、1.99%、2.04%、11.84%和7.02%,相对选择潜力较小;(2)单株果数、单株种数、单株果重和单株种子重4个性状反映了单株产量,且相互间呈极显著正相关,百粒重则反映了种子饱满程度,因此可选取单株种重和百粒重作为麻疯树优良单株筛选评价的主要指标;(3)种子含油量可在将来获得麻疯树高产稳产品种的基础上作为高油品种的筛选评价指标;(4)优良单株CPT1的单株种重、百粒重和种子含油量分别为676.84g、62.04g和34.43%,其产量性状和含油量表现较好,可作为生产上优良品种进一步筛选和培育的对象。

The characters of yield and seed from 20 accessions of Jatropha curcas L. had been investigated by analyzing of variance, correlation, factor and path. The results showed that the CV of fruit number per plant, seed number per plant, fruit weight per plant and seed weight per plant were higher than 60%. But the CV of 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width and seed thickness was 9.09%, 1.67%, 1.99%, 2.04%, 11.84% and 7.02% respectively. Compared to fruit number per plant, seed number per plant, fruit weight per plant and seed weight per plant, these characters owned lower potentialities for breeding. The characters of fruit number per plant, seed number per plant, fruit weight per plant and seed weight per plant reflected the the yield per plant, and there were very significant differences in correlation coefficients in these characters. The 100 seed weight reflected the full degree of seed. Therefore the characters of seed weight and 100 seed weight could be used as the main evaluation indices of Jatropha accessions. The seed oil content could be the evaluation index for the breeding of varieties with high oil content on the basis of obtaining the varieties with high yield. The seed weight per plant （676.84 g）, 100 seed weight （62.04 g） and oil content （34.43%） of CPT1 was higher than most of other accessions. It＇s the material for selecting and breeding of good varieties.