论佛教丛林制度与佛教音乐风格区的相互关系

Relationship between Forest System and Regional Music Style of Buddhism

中国佛教音乐的南北分野及交融问题自古代一直沿袭下来;清末民初以降,还作为一条红线或纽带,贯穿于整个20世纪的佛乐变迁发展过程。要想正确地认识这一过程,便有必要论及佛教寺院的丛林制度及其对之产生的重要影响。由于十方丛林与子孙丛林分别采取了跨地域性的和地域性的两种不同的文化传播和交流途径,代表了两种完全不同的文化传播观念。即使在一百多年前的清末民初时期,二者在传播和分布的广度以及影响力的深度上,都完全不可同日而语。从其中的十方丛林来看,当时的南派佛教声韵已经在全国各地流传开来,在北方丛林中也已经占有了重要的一席之地;而各种地域性的寺院音乐风格类型,也以不同的子孙丛林为聚集地,得以不同程度的保存和发挥其功能作用。还值得注意的是,数百年来,在藏传佛教、南传佛教等领域,也相继出现了丛林制度的身影,其整个寺院音乐风格格局也随之而有较大的改变。对于这个在不同佛教文化区域中出现的"十方丛林"化的趋同性时代潮流特征,学术界应该给予相应的重视和对之展开进一步的研究。

Chinese Buddhist music has two different styles,one is southern and the other is northern.Despite grand differences,they have been melting with each other through centuries.This is a much complicated historical problem.To rightly understand it,it is necessary to discuss the forest system of Buddhism and important impact it exerts upon Buddhist music.Since they were situated in different regions,＂ten-direction forest＂ and ＂offspring temple＂ took different measures to promote cultural transmission and communication.That is to say,they stand for two whole different culture and transmission conceptions.Advocated by ＂ten-direction forest＂,southern Buddhist music had widely spread in the whole nation,and had established its own status in northern Buddhist circle.Various styles of temple music had been well conserved in ＂offspring temple＂.In last hundreds of years,forest system gradually became popular in Tibetan Buddhism and southern Buddhism,and their music began to change a lot in its style.