中国作物种质资源多样性

Diversity of Crop Germplasm Resources in China

综述了中国作物种质资源的物种多样性和遗传多样性。按农艺学和用途可将中国作物分为8大类,即粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜作物、果树作物、饲用和绿肥作物、花卉作物、药用作物和林木作物。汇集了中国作物总计840种(类),涉及栽培物种1251个和野生近缘植物物种3308个,隶属176科和619属,以上充分说明中国作物种质资源物种多样性十分丰富。依据中国作物的类型或变种多、性状变异幅度大等特点,阐明了中国作物种质资源遗传多样性也十分丰富,为中国作物种质资源的收集、保护、高效利用、创新、分类和遗传研究奠定坚实基础,为生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

Diversity at species level and genetic level of crop germplasm resources in China were summarized.Based on agronomy and utilization purpose,crops in China could be divided into 8 groups： food crop,economic crop,vegetable crop,fruit crop,forage and manure crop,flower crop,medicine crop and forest crop.Each group includes several sub-groups and the 8 groups include 840 sub-groups.According to the botanic taxonomy,all crops in China cover 1251 cultivated species and 3308 species of their wild relatives which belong to 176 families and 619 genera,indicated that crop germplasm resources in China at species level are very rich.Meanwhile,under the species level,many species could be identified several sub-species,varieties or ecotypes meaning that crop germplasm resources at genetic level in China are also very abundant.This study would provide basic information and scientific support for collection,conservation,effectively utilization,and related research of crop germplasm resources in China.