大豆蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

Genetic Variation of the Protein Content and Correlation between Protein Content and Main Agronomic Characters of Soybean

以综合性状优良的黄淮海区主栽大豆品种中黄13为轮回亲本,从大豆微核心种质中选择蛋白质含量显著低于或高于轮回亲本的中黄20、东山69、迟黄豆-1和泰兴牛毛黄乙等4个品种作为供体亲本,比较分析了4个组合的RP、DP、F2、BC1F2和BC2F2蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明,双亲蛋白质含量高,有利于提高其杂交、回交后代的蛋白质平均含量及超轮回亲本个体比例;F2、BC1F2和BC2F2群体蛋白质含量的变异系数依次降低,BC2F2的蛋白质平均含量及其变异系数接近于轮回亲本;蛋白质含量在F2群体内呈正态分布,在双亲蛋白质含量高的组合中,其BC1F2群体呈偏态分布,但在BC2F2群体恢复了正态分布,稳定较快;供体亲本与其杂交2代、回交1代和回交2代在蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重等性状上呈显著或极显著相关。

Backcrossing was an effective way to breeding high-protein soybean lines.In this study Zhonghuang 13 popularized in Yellow-Huai-Hai Valley with super synthetic characters was choose to be the recurrent parent of four crosses.Zhonghuang 20 and Dongshan 69 which were lower significantly than recurrent parent and Chihuangdou-1 and Taixingniumaohuangyi which were higher significantly than recurrent parent on protein content were screened from soybean mini core collection to be the donor parents.The RP,DP,F2,BC1F2 and BC2F2 of four crosses were conducted to evaluate the genetic variation of protein content and correlation between protein content and main agronomic characters.The results show that the level of recurrent parent and donor parent on protein content would notably affected the performance of hybrid and backcross lines.The mean protein content and the ratio of transgress individuals of hybrid and backcross lines were superior in the cross which recurrent parent and donor parent were both rich in protein.The genetic variation of populations would decrease with backcrossing,in this study variation coefficient of protein content in F2、BC1F2 and BC2F2 descended in turn.The mean protein content and variation coefficient of BC2F2 were both closed to recurrent parent.The protein content of F2 populations obedient tonormal distribution,the BC1F2 populations of two crosses which donor parents were significantly higher than recurrent parent obedient to skewed distribution,but it recovered normal distribution in BC2F2.F2 was positively correlated with donor parent significantly on main agronomic characters such as protein content,oil content,plant height,height of 1st pod,No.of stem node,effective branch number,pod No.per plant,seed No.per plant,100 seed weight.BC1F2 and BC2F2 were positively correlated with donor parents significantly on protein content,oil content,plant height,pod No.per plant,seed No.per plant,100 seed weight.